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Female sex hormones



The most important hormones made by the ovaries are known as female sex hormones (sex steroids) – and the two main ones are oestrogen and progesterone. The ovaries also produce some of the male hormone, testosterone.
During puberty, oestrogen stimulates breast development and causes the vagina, uterus (womb) and Fallopian tubes (that carry eggs to the womb) to mature.
It also plays a role in the growth spurt and alters the distribution of fat on a girl's body, typically resulting in more being deposited around the hips, buttocks and thighs. Testosterone helps to promote muscle and bone growth.
From puberty onwards, LH, FSH, oestrogen and progesterone all play a vital part in regulating a woman's menstrual cycle, which results in her periods.
Each individual hormone follows its own pattern, rising and falling at different points in the cycle, but together they produce a predictable chain of events.
One egg (out of several hundred thousands in each ovary) becomes 'ripe' (mature) and is released from the ovary to begin its journey down the Fallopian tube and into the womb.
If that egg isn't fertilised, the levels of oestrogen and progesterone produced by the ovary begin to fall. Without the supporting action of these hormones, the lining of the womb, which is full of blood, is shed, resulting in a period.

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